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The Hawk Eye is a general-circulation newspaper based in Burlington, Iowa, United States, and boasts itself as "''Iowa's Oldest Newspaper''." ==History== The newspaper traces its roots to the ''Wisconsin Territorial Gazette and Burlington Advertiser'', which was established July 10, 1837, by James Clarke, and Cyrus Jacobs.〔http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/archaeology/communities/first-capitol.pdf〕 Clarke and Jacobs moved to Burlington from Belmont, Wisconsin, when the capital of the Wisconsin Territory was moved to Burlington. The pair did printing work for the territorial government, and were aligned with the Democratic Party. In 1838, a separate Iowa Territory was created, and Burlington was named as its first territorial capital. (The capital of the Wisconsin Territory was moved to Madison). In Burlington, Jacobs was killed October 31, 1838, in a duel that culminated a "long-simmering" political dispute with local attorney David Rorer. Jacobs was on the verge of a prominent career in state politics. Rorer never was charged. Clarke became postmaster of Burlington, and later its mayor. Still later, Clarke was named the third and last governor of the Iowa Territory. Clarke County in southern Iowa is named in his honor. After his term as governor, Clarke returned to Burlington to run the ''Gazette''. He was elected as the first president of the Burlington School Board. He died July 28, 1850, in a local cholera epidemic. He was 38. Rorer was one of the pall bearers. A rival newspaper, the ''Iowa Patriot'', was moved in 1838 from Fort Madison to Burlington by James G. Edwards. Edwards was a supporter of the Whig Party. At Rorer's urging, Edwards changed the name of his paper to the ''Burlington Hawk-Eye and Iowa Patriot'' in tribute to Chief Black Hawk. Black Hawk was a friend of Edwards' and reportedly was present when the first copies of the Fort Madison paper were printed. Rorer wrote anonymous letters to other Iowa newspapers suggesting the territory adopt "Hawkeye" as the state nickname. Consequently, Iowa now is known as the Hawkeye State. According to the ''Iowa Journal of History'', Edwards wrote, "If a division of the territory is effected, we propose that the Iowans take the cognomen of Hawk-eyes. Our etymology can then be more definitely traced than can that of the Wolverines, Suckers, Gophers, etc., and we shall rescue from oblivion a memento, at least, of the name of the old chief. Who seconds the motion?" The journal goes on to state, " 'old chief' referred to was, of course, Black Hawk." Edwards published his newspaper until his death of cholera a year after Clarke died. He was 50. After a succession of owners, both papers, which had published separately, were sold during the Depression to Omer N. Custer In the 1920s, both newspapers built new buildings. The ''Gazette'' published from a building noted for its terra cotta tile on Washington Street across the street from the Elks Club; ''The Hawk Eye'' from a building on Fourth Street next to the Congregational Church. It, too, was a handsome structure, featuring Doric columns in the front. During the Depression, both papers experienced financial difficulties and were purchased by Omar N. Custer, owner of the Galesburg, Illinois, ''Register-Mail''. Custer merged the papers into ''The Burlington Hawk-eye Gazette''. The papers moved into the Gazette's building. In 1941, Custer sold ''The Burlington Hawk-Eye Gazette'' to Kansas publishers Jack and Sidney Harris. The Harris organization still owns The Hawk Eye. In the 1959, the newspaper relocated to a renovated bus barn at 800 South Main Street, where it continues to publish. At the time of the move, the paper added a Sunday edition. The newspaper plant overlooks the BNSF rail yards and is in close proximity to the Mississippi River. During the record flood of 1993, preparations were made to print the paper at Ottumwa, Iowa, about 70 miles away. However, the water did not rise high enough to carry out the plan. Instead, water from the rising Des Moines River flooded the Ottumwa paper's basement where it stored its newsprint, and the ''Courier'' had to be printed in Burlington. During the Flood of 2008, which eclipsed the 1993 crest, ''The Hawk Eye'' avoided high water again. After the ''Hawk-Eye Gazette'' move to Main Street, the former ''Gazette'' building was acquired by an adjacent savings and loan and razed to create extra parking. The former ''Hawk Eye'' building still stands and is now used as a funeral home. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Hawk Eye」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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